The angle of repose of spherical grains in granular Hele-Shaw cells: A molecular dynamics study

We report the results of three dimensional molecular dynamic simulations on the angle of repose of a sandpile formed by pouring mono-sized cohesionless spherical grains into a granular Hele-Shaw cell. In particular, we are interested to investigate the effects of those variables which may impact significantly on pattern formation of granular mixtures in Hele-Shaw cells. The results indicate that the frictional forces influence remarkably the formation of pile on the grain level. Furthermore, We see that increasing grain insertion rate decreases slightly the angle of repose. We also find that in accordance with experimental results, the cell thickness is another significant factor and the angle of repose decays exponentially by increasing the cell thickness. It is shown that this effect can be interpreted as a cross-over from two to three dimensions. In fact, using grains with different sizes shows that the behavior of the angle of repose when both size and cell thickness are varied is controlled by a scaled function of the ratio of these two variables. † corresponding author The angle of repose of spherical grains... 2